the concentration of the most important greenhouse gases has risen sharply. This leads to an increasing greenhouse effect, which causes global temperatures to rise. The interaction is relatively simple: the higher the greenhouse gas concentrations, the higher the average air temperature. The most important greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Since the pre-industrial era, the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations have led to a warming of +1.3°C.
Volcanic activity:
Volcanoes usually emit sulfur components, carbon dioxide and ash into the atmosphere. These gases can reach the stratosphere, i.e. the higher layers of the atmosphere. Depending on the explosiveness and composition of the volcanic smoke column, it is also possible that large amounts of water vapor can reach great heights.
Aerosols made of sulfur components reflect incoming visible light and thus have a cooling effect on the earth’s surface. During large volcanic eruptions, the cooling can last for several years. The malta mobile database water vapor released into the atmosphere during eruptions can also influence the surface temperature through various dynamic processes.
The sun’s magnetic field reverses every 11 years. The number and size of sunspots fluctuates within this 11-year cycle. This leads to regularly changing solar activity, the luminosity of which varies by around 0.1%. Since the earth has an extremely sluggish climate system due to the huge oceans and the variation in solar radiation varies only slightly, the effects of this 11-year cycle on global temperature are also difficult to detect.
Natural variability:
Natural climate variability refers to the natural fluctuations within the climate system caused by internal processes and interactions between different components of the system (atmosphere, oceans, how to create a popup in wordpress (step by step) land masses, ice sheets). This variability occurs independently of external influences such as solar agent email list activity, aerosols or volcanic eruptions and is an essential part of short-term natural climate dynamics. It can cause a cooler or warmer climate for a few years or decades.
Since these processes are highly chaotic, it is not possible to predict them precisely. Model projections therefore indicate a range of possible temperature trends.
There are also a number of classic fluctuation patterns that, depending on their severity, can lead to temporary climate outliers locally or even globally. One of these recurring patterns is the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. We have already reported on this in previous blogs: In 2023, a new El Niño cycle replaced the La Niña configuration that had existed for several years, which tends to lead to higher global temperatures. However, this El Niño phase is now weakening again.